Tungsten ndi chinthu cha paramagnetic, osati ferromagnetic. Maginito ake amapangidwa makamaka ndi ma spins a ma electron mu zipolopolo za ma elekitironi osadzazidwa, koma kuyanjana pakati pa nthawi ya maginito kumakhala kofooka, kulepheretsa mapangidwe a macroscopic magnetization.
Tikamayang'ana dziko la maginito lazinthu, nthawi zambiri timakumana ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maginito, monga paramagnetism ndi ferromagnetism. Ndiye, ndi mtundu wanji wa maginito omwe tungsten yachitsulo ndi yake?
Choyamba, tiyenera kufotokozera mfundo zazikulu za paramagnetism ndi ferromagnetism. Zida za Paramagnetic ndi zida zomwe, pansi pa mphamvu ya maginito yogwiritsidwa ntchito, nthawi ya maginito ya ma atomu kapena mamolekyu omwe ali mkati mwazinthuzo amagwirizana pang'ono ndi gawo la munda, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti maginito awonongeke. Komano, zida za Ferromagnetic zimakhala ndi maginito amphamvu ndipo zimatha kupanga zokha maginito a macroscopic popanda mphamvu yamaginito. Maginito amawonetsa mgwirizano wosagwirizana pakati pa mphamvu ya maginito ndi mphamvu ya munda.
Kwa metallic element tungsten, maginito ake amakhala makamaka paramagnetic. Izi zili choncho chifukwa makonzedwe a ma elekitironi a maatomu a tungsten amabweretsa chiŵerengero cha zipolopolo za elekitironi zosadzazidwa, ndipo ma spin a ma elekitironi omwe ali m’zigoba zosadzazidwa zimenezi amatha kupanga nthaŵi ya maginito. Komabe, mosiyana ndi zida za ferromagnetic, maginito a ma atomu a tungsten amalumikizana mofooka, osatha kupanga mawonekedwe okhazikika a maginito, chifukwa chake, alibe maginito akuluakulu. Mothandizidwa ndi maginito akunja, maginito a tungsten amalumikizana pang'ono ndi gawo la gawolo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale mphamvu yofooka ya paramagnetic.
Kuti timvetsetse mozama za tungsten paramagnetic properties, titha kuyang'ana izi:
1. Electron Arrangement ndi Magnetic Moment Generation
Monga chitsulo chosinthira, tungsten imakhala ndi ma electron ovuta. Mu zipolopolo za ma elekitironi zodzaza pang'ono, ma spins a ma electron amapanga nthawi ya maginito. Nthawi izi zimasokonekera pakalibe mphamvu ya maginito yakunja, koma mphamvu ya maginito ikagwiritsidwa ntchito, imalumikizidwa pang'ono ndi mphamvu ya maginito.
2. Kuchita Pakati pa Magnetic Moments
Ngakhale maatomu a tungsten ali ndi nthawi ya maginito, kuyanjana pakati pa mphindi zawo kumakhala kofooka. Izi zimasiyana kwambiri ndi momwe maginito amagwirira ntchito muzinthu za ferromagnetic. Muzinthu za ferromagnetic, kuyanjana pakati pa madera oyandikana ndi maginito kumatha kubweretsa maginito amphamvu kwambiri pazinthuzo. Komabe, tungsten sangathe kupanga mawonekedwe ofanana ndi maginito chifukwa cha kusagwirizana kofooka pakati pa maginito ake.
3. Macroscopic Magnetic Khalidwe
Chifukwa kugwirizana pakati pa nthawi ya maginito ya tungsten kumakhala kofooka ndipo sikungathe kupanga maginito akuluakulu, kumangowonetsa kufooka kwa maginito pansi pa mphamvu ya maginito yogwiritsidwa ntchito. Izi ndizochepa poyerekeza ndi maginito amphamvu omwe amawonetsedwa ndi zida za ferromagnetic.
